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Abstract and 1. Introduction
2 related work and 2.1 technology relevant approach
2.2 Technology Relating Measures
2.3 Technology Models
3 data
4 methods and 4.1 proximity indices
4.2 interpolation and fitting data
4.3 Clustering
4.4 Forecasting
5 results and discussions and 5.1 general results
5.2 Case Study
5.3 Limitations and future works
6 conclusions and references
Appendix
2.2 Technology Relating Measures
In this section, we will review the state of art in bibliometric indicators, such as keywords, citation, and cooperation, including our critics.
2.2.1 Keywords
Recognizing common keywords in different technologies is considered an important measure of technological convergence. This method, especially the variant dedicated to dynamic networks generated based on shared keywords, has been the center of many studies [8–12]. Despite its usefulness, keyword assessment has limitations, including ambiguity from semantic similarities to common keywords and not mistaken to individual keywords that represent unique concepts [13, 14]. However, our study assumes that a shared lexicon can be an important indicator of the objectives of the convergence, indicating technological convergence. This assumption is aligned with the notion that a common vocabulary, such as keywords, usually indicates a shared understanding of interest in a specific technology [15]thus widely accepted as an important step [8–12].
2.2.2 Cotation
The study of citation and co-citation, which serves as indicators of scholar coherence, is essential for understanding technological convergence [6, 13, 16, 17]. However, these methods face challenges arising from incomplete datasets and unreliable reference list algorithms [6]. Moreover, the influential criticism of McRoberts emphasizes the limits of the review of the quotation of fully academic contact, pointing to the unconclimted influences, biases of mention, ignorance of literature, and combination skills as factors contributing [18].
Despite these limitations, we make the thought of citation, while only offering a slight perspective, provides views on the exchange of knowledge of various domains, indicating potential scenes [6, 17]. This perspective is supported by views from broring, suggesting that interdisciplinary citations often indicate the onset of the scientific convergence, which potentially leads to cooperation in collaboration [6].
2.2.3 Collaboration
In addition to keywords and citations, the research community recognizes other indicators of technological scene. One of the said metrics involves the extent analysis to which researchers contribute to many technological fields. We argue that this aspect of research cooperation plays an important role in driving science and technological advances [6, 19]. From a perspective on organizational theory, partnerships indicate the initial stages of technological convergence [6, 19]. As indicated by Br¨oring, an increase in cooperation efforts that are usually preceded by the integration of unique discipline [6]. Therefore, reviews dedicated to co-authorships and shared researcher pools hold the value of predicting technological convergence.
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